I-European Union (EU) Regulation 10/2011, okuwumthetho oqinile nobaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki yezinga lokudla, inezidingo eziqinile neziphelele ngokwezinga lomkhawulo wensimbi esindayo yemikhiqizo yokuxhumana nokudla, futhi iyinkomba yomoya yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukulawula ubungozi bokuphepha kwempahla yokuxhumana nokudla.
I-New EU Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 mayelana nezinto zepulasitiki nezindatshana okuhloswe ukuthi zihlangane nokudla yashicilelwa ngo-2011.
Jan 15.Lo mthethonqubo omusha uqala ukusebenza ngo-2011 Meyi 1. Uchitha i-Commission Directive 2002/72/EC. Kukhona eziningana
izinhlinzeko zesikhashana futhi zifinyezwe kuThebula 1.
Ithebula 1
Imibandela Yesikhashana
Kuze kube ngu-2012 Disemba 31
Ingase yamukele ukubeka okulandelayo emakethe
- izinto zokuthintana zokudla kanye nezihloko ezibekwe ngokusemthethweni emakethe
Ukunikezwa kwezinguquko kwamadokhumenti asekelayo e-FCM
ngaphambi kuka-2011 Meyi 1
Amadokhumenti asekelayo azosekelwe emithethweni eyisisekelo yokufuduka kukonke kanye nokuhlolwa kokufuduka okuqondile okubekwe kuSijobelelo seSiqondiso 82/711/EEC.
Kusukela ngo-2013 Jan. 1 kuya ku-2015 Dec. 31
Idokhumenti esekelayo yezinto zokwakha, ama-athikili nezinto ezibekwe emakethe ingase isekelwe emithethweni emisha yokufuduka eshiwo ku-Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 noma imithetho ebekwe ku-Annex to Directive 82/711/EEC
Kusuka ku-2016 Jan 1
Amadokhumenti asekelayo azosekelwe emithethweni yokuhlolwa kokufuduka ebekwe ku-Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011
Qaphela: 1. Okuqukethwe yidokhumenti yokwesekwa kubhekisele kuThebula 2, D
Ithebula 2
A. Ububanzi.
1. Izinto kanye nemibhalo kanye nezingxenye zakhona ezihlanganisa amapulasitiki kuphela
2. Izinto zepulasitiki ezinezingqimba eziningi nezindatshana ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ngama-adhesive noma ngezinye izindlela
3. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezindatshana okubhekiselwe kuzo ku-1 & 2 ekhonjiwe eziphrintiwe kanye/noma ezimbozwe nge-coating
4. Izendlalelo zePlastiki noma izimbotshana zepulasitiki, ezakha ama-gaskets kumakepisi kanye nokuvala, okuthi kanye nalawo makepisi kanye nokuvala kuhlanganiswe isethi yezingqimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto.
5. Izendlalelo zePlastiki ezintweni eziningi ezinezingqimba eziningi nama-athikili
B. Ukukhululwa
1. Ion exchange resin
2. Irabha
3. Ama-Silicone
C. Izinto ezingemuva kwesithiyo esisebenzayo nama-nanoparticles
Izinto ezingemuva kwesithiyo esisebenzayo2
1. Ingakhiqizwa ngezinto ezingabaliwe ohlwini lweNyunyana
2. Izothobela umkhawulo we-vinyl chloride monomer Annex I (SML: Ayitholakali, 1 mg/kg kumkhiqizo wokugcina)
3. Izinto ezingagunyaziwe zingasetshenziswa ngezinga eliphezulu lika-0.01 mg/kg ekudleni.
4. Akumele kube ngowezinto eziguqukayo, ezinomdlavuza noma ezinobuthi ekukhiqizeni kabusha ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kwangaphambilini.
5. Ngeke abe ngowe-nanoform
Nanoparticles ::
1. Kufanele ihlolwe ngokwesisekelo secala ngalinye mayelana nobungozi babo kuze kube yilapho kwaziwa ulwazi olwengeziwe.
2. Izinto eziku-nanoform zizosetshenziswa kuphela uma zigunyazwe ngokucacile futhi zishiwo kusiThasiselo I.
D. Imibhalo Esekelayo
1. izoqukatha izimo nemiphumela yokuhlolwa, izibalo, ukumodela, okunye ukuhlaziya kanye nobufakazi mayelana nokuphepha noma ukucabanga okubonisa ukuhambisana.
2. izokwenziwa itholakale ngumqhubi webhizinisi kuziphathimandla ezinekhono zikazwelonke ngesicelo
E. Ukufuduka sekukonke kanye Nomkhawulo othize Wokufuduka
1. Ukufuduka Kukonke
10mg/dm² 10
60mg/kg 60
2. Ukufuduka Okuthile (Bheka kuhlu Lwenyunyana Yesijobelelo I - Uma ungekho umkhawulo othile wokufuduka noma eminye imikhawulo enikeziwe, umkhawulo wokufuduka othize ojwayelekile wama-60 mg/kg uzosebenza)
Uhlu Lwenyunyana
Isijobelelo I -Monomer kanye nesengezo
ISITHASISELO Engisiqukethe
1. Ama-monomers noma ezinye izinto zokuqala
2. Izithasiselo ngaphandle kombala
3. Izinsiza zokukhiqiza i-polymer ngaphandle kwezinyibilikisi
4. Ama-macromolecules atholwe ekuvutshelweni kwe-microbial
5. 885 izinto ezigunyaziwe
Isijobelelo II–Umkhawulo ovamile wezinto ezibonakalayo nama-athikili
Ukufuduka Okuqondile Kwensimbi Enzima (mg/kg ukudla noma isifanisi sokudla)
1. I-Barium (钡) =1
2. I-Cobalt (钴)= 0.05
3. Ithusi (铜)= 5
4. Insimbi (铁) = 48
5. I-Lithium (锂)= 0.6
6. IManganese (锰)= 0.6
7. Zinc (锌)= 25
Ukufuduka Okukhethekile Kwama-Amine Anuka Ngaphansi (isamba), Umkhawulo wokutholwa ngu-0.01mg wento ngekhilogramu yokudla noma isikhuthazi sokudla
Isijobelelo III-Izifanisi Zokudla
I-Ethanol engu-10%.
Phawula: Amanzi acwecwe angase akhethwe kwezinye izimo
Isifanisi Sokudla A
ukudla okunohlamvu lwe-hydrophilic
3% i-acetic acid
Isifanisi Sokudla B
ukudla okune-acidic
I-Ethanol engu-20%.
Isifanisi Sokudla C
ukudla kufika ku-20% wotshwala
I-Ethanol engu-50%.
Isifanisi Sokudla D1
ukudla okuqukethe > u-20% wotshwala
umkhiqizo wobisi
ukudla okunamafutha emanzini
Amafutha Emifino
Isifanisi Sokudla D2
ukudla kunezinhlamvu ze-lipophilic, amafutha amahhala
I-Poly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenyleneoxide), usayizi wezinhlayiyana 60-80mesh, usayizi wembotshana 200nm
I-Food Simulant E
ukudla okomile
Isijobelelo IV- Isimemezelo sokuthobela (DOC)
1. izokhishwa umqhubi webhizinisi futhi izoqukatha ulwazi njengaku-ANNEX IV3
2. Ezigabeni zokumaketha ngaphandle kwasesiteji sokudayisa, i-DOC izotholakala ezintweni zepulasitiki nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, imikhiqizo evela ezigabeni ezimaphakathi zokukhiqizwa kwayo kanye nezinto ezihloselwe ukwenziwa.
3. Uzovumela ukukhonjwa okulula kwezinto, i-athikili noma imikhiqizo evela ezigabeni ezimaphakathi zokwenziwa noma izinto ezikhishelwe zona.
4. – Ukwakheka kuzokwaziwa kumkhiqizi womuthi futhi kwenziwe kutholakale kuziphathimandla ezinekhono uma kucelwa
Isijobelelo V -Isimo Sokuhlola
I-OM1 10d ngo-20°C 20
Noma yikuphi ukuthintana kokudla endaweni eqandisiwe nesiqandisi
OM2 10d ngo-40°C
Noma isiphi isitoreji sesikhathi eside ekamelweni lokushisa noma ngaphansi, okuhlanganisa ukushisa kufika ku-70° C kuze kufike emahoreni ama-2, noma ukushisa kufika ku-100° C kuze kufike kumaminithi angu-15.
OM3 2h ku-70°C
Noma yiziphi izimo zokuxhumana ezihlanganisa ukushisa kufika ku-70° C amahora angu-2, noma kufika ku-100° C kuze kufike kumaminithi angu-15, okungalandelwa igumbi lesikhathi eside noma ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa okuqandisiwe.
OM4 1h ku-100° C
Ukushisa okuphezulu kwezicelo zazo zonke izivuseleli zokudla ezingeni lokushisa elifinyelela ku-100° C
OM5 I-2h ku-100° C noma i-reflux/okunye ihora elingu-1 ku-121° C
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lifinyelela ku-121° C
OM6 4h ku-100° C noma ku-reflux
Noma yiziphi izimo zokudla okunezikhuthazi zokudla A, B noma C, ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-40° C
Phawula: Imele izimo ezimbi kakhulu zazo zonke izifanisi zokudla ezithintana nama-polyolefin
OM7 2h ku-175° C
Ukushisa okuphezulu kwezicelo ngokudla okunamafutha okwedlula izimo ze-OM5
Phawula: Uma kungenakwenziwa ngokobuchwepheshe ukwenza i-OM7 ngesifanisi sokudla se-D2 ukuhlolwa kungathathelwa indawo yi-test OM 8 noma i-OM9.
OM8 Isifanisi sokudla esingu-E samahora ama-2 ku-175 ° C kanye nokudla okufanisiwe kwe-D2 amahora ama-2 ku-100 ° C.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu izicelo kuphela
Phawula: Uma ngokobuchwepheshe AKUKWAZI ukwenza i-OM7 ngesifanisi sokudla esingu-D2
OM9 Isifanisi sokudla esingu-E samahora ama-2 ku-175 ° C kanye nokudla okufanisiwe kwe-D2 izinsuku eziyi-10 ku-40 ° C.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu izicelo ezihlanganisa isitoreji eside ekamelweni lokushisa
Phawula: Uma ngokobuchwepheshe AKUKWAZI ukwenza i-OM7 ngesifanisi sokudla esingu-D2
Ukuchithwa komyalelo we-EU
1. 80/766/EEC, Indlela Yekhomishini Yeziqondiso yokuhlaziya yokulawulwa okusemthethweni kwezinga le-vinyl chloride monomer ekuthintaneni okubonakalayo nokudla.
2. 81/432/EEC, Indlela Yekhomishana Yeziqondiso yokuhlaziya yokulawulwa okusemthethweni kokukhishwa kwe-vinyl chloride ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-athikili ibe yizinto zokudla.
3. 2002/72/EC, Umyalelo Wekhomishana ohlobene nezinto zepulasitiki kanye nendatshana yokudla
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-19-2021